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Production of carotenoids grown on waste fat
Holub, Jiří ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments which are contained in plants and microorganisms. Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant effects. Lipids are predominantly non-polar substances, which are essential and present in all types of organisms. The research was made by theoretical and practical form. It was dealing with production of carotenoids pigments and different lipophilic substances by yeasts of Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus metaroseus, cultivated in media containing waste fat or glycerol. Further, methods for obtaining lipid substances from microorganisms and with further analysis of samples by gas or liquid chromatography were optimized. The main task of the research was to find out which types of media and yeasts are the most suitable for production of lipid substances. For production of lipid substances in glycerol media, as the best producing strain Rhodosporidium toruloides was found, which simultaneously reported the highest concentrations of carotenoids on fatty and fatty hydrolyzed media.
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The study of extracellular enzymes produced by different species of yeast
Vršanská, Martina ; Ing.Jana Molnárová, Ph.D. (referee) ; Voběrková, Stanislava (advisor)
The thesis deals with the study of the different yeast strains from the point of view of extracellular lipolytic enzyme production. First part of this work consisting of appropriate yeasts was developed within study interships in Slovak Academy of Sciences, department of Glycomics in Bratislava. From ten given strains three yeasts such as Pseudozyma fusiformata, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Yarrowia lipolytica were chosen, these strains showed the highest lipolytic activity and cell growth on basal medium with Tween 80. These yeasts were used for optimization of cultivation conditions and characterization of lipolytic enzymes. The yeasts were cultivated on media with different carbon sources, which appeared to be a most suitable medium the basal medium with Tween. Tween acted as and inducer of lipase production. The substrate specificity was determined using three p-nitrophenylester substrates with varying sizes of the fatty acid site chains. The results showed that tested lipases are probably triacylglycerol-acyl-hydrolases which has the highest activity towards in the water insoluble substrates with medium long chains. The pH optimum and temperature optimum were measured. The results showed that the tested lipases had the highest activity in neutral and mild acid region around 30°C. By measuring of thermal stability has been demonstrated that extracellular lipases are relatively thermostable enzymes. Afterwards the storage stability was measured for 5 weeks when supernatant was kept in fridge at 4°C and in freezing box at -20°C. The results showed that in both cases tested lipases exhibited high storage stability which allows to store the samples without loss of activity for a longer time. Finally, the results of lipolytic and proteolytic activity, cell growth and pH of the medium of yeast Y. lipolytica were compared between the batch cultivation in L-tubes with the continual cultivation in the bioreactor. The highest lipases production was achieved in bioreactor due to the setting conditions of the continual proces to regulate the production and enzymatic stability.
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Yeasts as a tool for study of cation homeostasis in eukaryotic cells
Farbulová, Michaela ; Zimmermannová, Olga (advisor) ; Zahumenský, Jakub (referee)
One of the key abilities of cells is to maintain a balance in the internal environment when the external surroundings change. Among the cations that have an irreplaceable role in living organisms are K+ , Na+ and H+ . In yeasts, most proteins transporting monovalent cations across cell membranes have been identified, making them an ideal model organism for studying cellular physiological processes in eukaryotic cells, including the principles of maintaining monovalent cation homeostasis. Using a unicellular organism such as yeast, we can also characterise proteins from phylogenetically higher organisms and humans, thus revealing disorders of transport systems related to pathological diseases. This bachelor thesis aims to point out the importance of yeasts in the research of the structure and function of cation transporters from eukaryotic cells and, at the same time, summarise knowledge about diseases associated with the disruption of the functions of individual cation transporters.
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Vliv různých metod zákvasů révových moštů na jakost vína
Koubek, Jan
My thesis deals with various methods of fermentation of grape must. Describes unique methods of inoculation, yeast, alcohol fermentation, and terroir. A two-year experiment was made with samples of wines made from the same varieties. The difference in production was only the inoculation of the must. The other steps in wine making were the same, so that the only difference in the produced wine was the method of inoculation. The results obtained are clearly elaborated and evaluated, including aroma-profiles and wine profiles.
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Vpliv komerčne dostupných kvasiniek na odrodu Frankovka z VOC Modré hory
Peško, Jakub
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of commercially available yeasts on frankovka modrá from VOC Modré Hory. In the literary part we will introduce VOC Modré Hory and also, we generally inform about Frankovka Modrá and its production in the style of rose wine. We will explain the acting of yeasts and its usage during wine production. In the first half of the experimental part there is a brief description of the used raw materials, the methodology of the experiment, and the description of used sensory and analytical methods. In the second half of the experimental part there are resulting samples which are sensitively and analytically evaluated in graphs with brief comments.
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Vliv různých metod zákvasů révových moštů na jakost vína
Koubek, Jan
My thesis deals with various methods of fermentation of grape must. Describes unique methods of inoculation, yeast, alcohol fermentation, and terroir. A two-year experiment was made with samples of wines made from the same varieties. The difference in production was only the inoculation of the must. The other steps in wine making were the same, so that the only difference in the produced wine was the method of inoculation. The results obtained are clearly elaborated and evaluated, including aro-ma-profiles and wine profiles.
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The role of ABC and MFS transporters in drug resistance of pathogenic Candida yeasts
Chaun, Martin ; Sychrová, Hana (advisor) ; Půta, František (referee)
Pathogens and their hosts lead an ancient battle of survival among themselves. New strategies are constantly being developed to defeat an opponent and counter-strategy to resist to a rival. Recently, due to increased drug use, pathogens have adapted to the prevalence of these substances in the environment, and are increasingly unresponsive to drug treatment, resulting in drug resistance status. Progressively increasing drug resistance also affects the most common fungal pathogens, Candida genus. One of the mechanisms by which organisms are able to withstand the effects of toxic substances is their transport out of the cell by membrane transport proteins. These transporters are members of the ABC and MFS protein superfamily in the Candida genus. This thesis presents ABC and MFS proteins involved in drug efflux in four Candida species, namely Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida auris.
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Production of carotenoids grown on waste fat
Holub, Jiří ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments which are contained in plants and microorganisms. Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant effects. Lipids are predominantly non-polar substances, which are essential and present in all types of organisms. The research was made by theoretical and practical form. It was dealing with production of carotenoids pigments and different lipophilic substances by yeasts of Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus metaroseus, cultivated in media containing waste fat or glycerol. Further, methods for obtaining lipid substances from microorganisms and with further analysis of samples by gas or liquid chromatography were optimized. The main task of the research was to find out which types of media and yeasts are the most suitable for production of lipid substances. For production of lipid substances in glycerol media, as the best producing strain Rhodosporidium toruloides was found, which simultaneously reported the highest concentrations of carotenoids on fatty and fatty hydrolyzed media.
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Use of antibodies for the characterization of chromatin modifications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Kovaľová, Libuša ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Malík, Radek (referee)
Transcription of precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) and its splicing were originally conceived as two separate processes. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, it was shown that the assembly of the complex catalyzing pre-mRNA splicing (spliceosome) can occur cotranscriptionally, i. e., during the time before the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Research on cotranscriptional splicing revealed that proteins involved in transcription and specific chromatin modifications may affect pre-mRNA splicing and its regulation. It is also possible that spliceosome assembly and chromatin modifications can affect each other. Prp45, the yeast ortholog of the human transcription coregulator SKIP/SNW1, has been previously associated only with splicing. The results obtained in our laboratory suggest that Prp45 could be used as a regulator coupling the processes of transcription and splicing. We have shown that PRP45 has genetic interactions with factors important for transcription elongation, as well as chromatin modifications, and that it affects early stage of spliceosome assembly. The aim of this bachelor project was document the relationship between the physiological role of Prp45 and H3K4 trimethylation using chromatin immunoprecipitation. It was found that prp45(1-169) mutation does not markedly...
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Klinicky významné druhy kvasinek a jejich interakce s hostitelem
Novosadová, Zuzana ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Beranová, Jana (referee)
Pathogenic yeasts are nowadays a serious threat for mammalian host. They can cause dangerous diseases, which in many cases even result in death. Pathogens increase the chances of systemic infections by many virulence mechanisms. Experiments addressing the pathogenhost interactions are crucial for defeating these types of infections within the human body. Host-pathogen interactions are very complex and include all components of multicellular host organism. Recently, scientists have focused on the interaction of the mammalian immune system and pathogenic yeasts in more detail. This work summarises interactions of pathogen with selected host cells, especially with macrophages. Yeast pathogens, especially Candida albicans, are capable of influencing the gene expression in interacting cells. These pathogens are capable of modulating the expression while engulfed inside macrophages and other cells of the immune system. Pathogenic yeasts can also change the overall characteristics of their surrounding environment. C. albicans can sense pH and influence it. Therefore, it can increase its virulence by the changes of pH leading to autoinduction of morphological transitions. This work briefly reviews how selected yeast pathogens influence their surroundings while interacting within the host organism. Deeper...
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